Kuhifadhi Uwezo wa Baharini na Uvuvi katika Papua Magharibi

Kuhifadhi Uwezo wa Baharini na Uvuvi katika Papua Magharibi

Indonesia, hasa Papua Magharibi , inajulikana sana kwa utajiri wake wa maliasili katika sekta ya baharini na uvuvi. Kwa wenyeji, bahari ina jukumu kubwa katika maisha yao, ikijumuisha kama chanzo cha chakula , pesa na riziki. Kwa hiyo, wale wanaoishi karibu na bahari wana uwezekano mkubwa wa kupata riziki wakiwa wavuvi. Serikali na wenyeji wanaelewa umuhimu wa bahari na wamejitolea kuhifadhi uwezo wa baharini na uvuvi wa jimbo hilo. 

Papua Magharibi
Jina: Dari Laut

Uvuvi na Uwezo wa Baharini huko Papua Magharibi

Katika eneo hili, eneo la maji la Bahari ya Kaimana ndilo linalochangia zaidi biomasi katika Asia ya Kusini-Mashariki, karibu tani 228 kwa kila kilomita ya mraba. Kuna takriban aina 959 za samaki wa miamba, aina 471 za matumbawe, aina 28 za kamba, na spishi nyingi za asili ambazo hazijatambuliwa.

Kuna maeneo tofauti ya uvuvi katika jimbo hili, ambayo ni maeneo ya Pelagic na Demersal. Aina tofauti za samaki hukaa katika maeneo tofauti. Katika maeneo ya Pelagic, samaki wanaopatikana zaidi ni samaki wadogo wa baharini, dagaa wa mafuta, makrill ya Uhispania, na tuna. Wakati huo huo, kanda za Demersal zimejazwa na vikundi, samaki nyekundu, na upanga.

Baadhi ya bidhaa za uvuvi ni matango ya baharini, kamba, kamba, tuna, kaa, samaki wa Pelagic (skippers na makrill), na samaki wa Demersal (groupers na snappers). Kwa sababu ya thamani zao bora za kuuza nje, tuna, uduvi na kaa kutoka Papua Magharibi huwa bidhaa bora zaidi za kuuza nje za jimbo hilo hadi Ulaya, Japani na Marekani.

Huko Sorong, uwezo mwingine wa baharini unaochangia mapato ya jimbo hilo ni pamoja na mikoko, nyasi za bahari, na miamba ya matumbawe, ambayo ina jukumu kubwa kama makazi ya rasilimali za uvuvi zenye thamani kubwa ya kiuchumi. 

Tukizungumzia mikoko, aina sita za mikoko inayopatikana kuzunguka eneo hilo ni Avicennia alba , Brugueira sp, Ceriops tagal, Sonneratia sp, Rhizophora apiculata, na Rhizophora mucronate . Jumla ya eneo la mfumo ikolojia wa mikoko hufikia hekta 354,91. Zaidi ya hayo, kuna aina sita za nyasi za baharini, ambazo ni Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule uninervis, Halophila ovalis, Halophila minor, Thalassia hemprichii, Thalassodendron ciliatum, Syringodium isoetifolium, na Enhalus acoroides .

Maeneo ya Uhifadhi

Jimbo la Papua Magharibi limejitangaza kuwa jimbo la uhifadhi. Hadi leo, eneo hili lina maeneo tisa ya uhifadhi katika maji, maeneo ya pwani, na visiwa vidogo, ikiwa ni pamoja na Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Cenderawasih Bay na Sabuda Tataruga Island SM (KLHK Management), SAP Raja Ampat, na SAP Waigeo Upande wa Magharibi (KKP Management) , Visiwa vya Raja Ampat KKPD, Jeen Womom KKPD, Kaimana KKPD, Berau, na Nusalasi Bay KKPD, na Teo Enebikia KKPD (Usimamizi wa Serikali ya Mkoa). Eneo la jumla la maeneo ya hifadhi linafikia hekta 4,397,000.

Jinsi Wenyeji Huhifadhi Uwezo wa Baharini katika Papua Magharibi

Uvuvi thabiti unaweza kudumu kutokana na hekima ya ndani na mbinu za jadi za uvuvi. Wenyeji wanaoishi karibu na eneo la pwani huvua samaki kwa kutumia vijiti, nyavu na kalawai (mikuki yenye ncha nyingi). Wengi wao bado wanatumia panggayung (boti bila motors).  

Desturi za kitamaduni pia zina jukumu kubwa katika kuhifadhi uwezo wa baharini . Mojawapo ya mila ambayo imepitishwa kwa vizazi ni Sasi Laut . Desturi hiyo inawaalika wale wanaoingia katika eneo lililoamuliwa, wenyeji na watu wa nje, kulinda viumbe maalum vya baharini. Kawaida, spishi zinazolindwa ni matango ya baharini, lola na batulaga. 

Sasi inatumika kwa muda fulani kwa kufunga eneo la maji kwa karibu mwaka mmoja hadi miwili na hufungua kwa wiki mbili hadi miezi mitatu tu. Kabla ya marufuku kuanza, wenyeji hufanya ibada inayoitwa Sinara, ambapo wanatoa matoleo kwa roho za baharini kama vile jani la gugu, kokwa, kokwa, kuku, na mayai. Ibada hiyo hufuatiwa na kuimba maombi ya kuomba baraka kutoka kwa mizimu iliyoko baharini. Kisha, kizuizi huanza. Eneo la uhifadhi limedhamiriwa na uamuzi wa ndani.

Yeyote anayevua biota iliyolindwa wakati wa msimu wa kufungwa atapata adhabu, kwa kawaida kutengwa na jamii yake, kutoka kwa kiongozi wa kimila. Hata hivyo, kwa kuwa mpangilio wa Sasi Laut unajulikana kwa maneno tu, haujawahi kuandikwa kwenye mfumo wa kisheria, na hivyo kufanya kuwa vigumu kuwaadhibu watu wa nje.  

Uwezo wa baharini na uvuvi katika Papua Magharibi unapaswa kulindwa kwa gharama zote ili kuendeleza mfumo ikolojia wa baharini, mapato ya jimbo hilo, na maisha ya watu. Kwa hiyo, jukumu la serikali na wenyeji linahitajika.

JS
Author: JS

Travel Vlogger, Journalist,

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