Historia Fupi ya Papua Magharibi Kujiunga na Indonesia

Historia Fupi ya Papua Magharibi Kujiunga na Indonesia

Sehemu ya magharibi kabisa ya kisiwa cha Papua ni nyumbani kwa jimbo la Indonesia la Papua Magharibi. Manokwari hutumika kama mji mkuu wake. Mnamo 1999, Papua Magharibi ilisimama peke yake kama eneo linalojitegemea. Kuangalia historia fupi ya Papua Magharibi kujiunga na Indonesia inafundisha. Inafichua juhudi za makundi mbalimbali kuhifadhi uwiano wa kitaifa.

Matukio machache muhimu yanajitokeza wakati wa kujaribu kuunganisha historia ya Papua Magharibi hadi kujumuishwa kwake katika Indonesia. Matukio hayo muhimu ni pamoja na:

Mkutano wa Jedwali la Duara la Uholanzi na Indonesia

Mkutano wa Jedwali la Duara la Uholanzi na Indonesia

Mnamo Desemba 27, 1949, Waholanzi na Waindonesia walikutana kwenye Mkutano wa Jedwali la Mzunguko ili kuweka msingi wa kile ambacho baadaye kingekuwa Papua Magharibi. Kwa hakika, huu ulikuwa wakati muhimu katika mchakato ambao hatimaye ulipelekea Papua kuwa sehemu ya Indonesia.

Jamhuri ya Uholanzi ya Indonesia na Bunge la Shirikisho la Ushauri lilianzisha makubaliano. Ilisababisha karatasi nyingi, pamoja na Hati ya Uhamisho wa Ukuu. Hata hivyo, hadhi ya Western New Guinea ilikuwa chanzo cha mzozo mkubwa.

Wajumbe wa Indonesia waliona kwamba nchi hiyo ilikuwa inafaa kutwaa koloni zote za Uholanzi East Indies. Kwa upande mwingine, Waholanzi walikuwa wagumu. Ufalme wa Uholanzi ulishikilia kuwa Western New Guinea haikuwa na uhusiano wa kitamaduni na nchi nyingine.

Baada ya mazungumzo mengi, mnamo Desemba 21, 1949, bunge la Uholanzi liliidhinisha mapatano hayo. Kamati ya Kitaifa ya Kiindonesia ya Kati, bunge la Indonesia, lilikubali makubaliano hayo tarehe 14 Desemba licha ya pingamizi, hasa kuhusu hadhi ya Western New Guinea.

Mkataba wa New York

Mkataba wa New York

Ili kutawala Western New Guinea, Uholanzi na Indonesia zilitia saini Mkataba wa New York. Makubaliano hayo, yaliyojadiliwa katika vikao vilivyofadhiliwa na Marekani, yalianza kutumika kuanzia Agosti 15, 1962.

Azimio nambari 1752 la Baraza Kuu la Umoja wa Mataifa (UNGA), ambalo liliidhinisha uvamizi na usimamizi wa Umoja wa Mataifa Magharibi mwa New Guinea, lilipitishwa kama matokeo ya moja kwa moja ya makubaliano yaliyowekwa kwenye ajenda ya 1962 ya UNGA.

Katika fomu ya mwisho ya makubaliano, Kifungu cha XVIII kiliainisha miongozo ifuatayo ya “tendo la chaguo la bure:”

  • Mabaraza ya mashauriano (Kiindonesia: musyawarah) yangepewa miongozo ya kufanya tathmini ya wosia maarufu.
  • Utekelezaji rasmi wa sheria hiyo ungekamilika kabla ya 1969.
  • Kulingana na jibu lao kwa swali la sheria, wakaazi watakuwa huru kuchagua kama wataendelea kuwa sehemu ya Indonesia au la.
  • Yeyote aliye na umri wa zaidi ya miaka 18 anaweza kushiriki katika tendo la uchaguzi huru.

Baada ya miaka mingi ya mapambano, Makubaliano ya New York hatimaye yalitambua “Jamhuri ya Indonesia kutoka Sabang hadi Merauke,” ambayo ilikuwa ni hamu ya wazalendo wa mapema wa Indonesia. Zaidi ya hayo, ilifananisha upinzani wenye ushindi kwa mgawanyiko unaotegemea rangi au dini.

Kitendo cha Uhuru wa Chaguo

Sheria ya Uhuru wa Chaguo - historia fupi ya Papua Magharibi kujiunga na Indonesia

Kura ya maoni iitwayo Sheria ya Uchaguzi Huru ilifanyika Magharibi mwa Guinea kati ya Julai 14 na Agosti 2, 1969, huku wakazi 1,025 wakichaguliwa na jeshi la Indonesia. Makubaliano ya New York yalielezea kwa kina mchakato wa kuandaa kura ya maoni.

Upigaji kura ulifanyika kwa muda wa wiki tatu katika vituo nane tofauti.

Nyaraka za kidiplomasia wakati huo zilifichua kwamba maafisa wa Marekani walikuwa na mashaka kwamba ushindi wa Indonesia haukuwa halali. Wanadiplomasia waliamini kuwa kura hiyo ilikuwa kinyume cha sheria. Walakini, walipuuza suala hilo kwa kuwa ulikuwa uamuzi unaotabirika wa umuhimu mdogo kwa masilahi ya Amerika.

Kwa upande mwingine, mjumbe wa Umoja wa Mataifa Fernando Ortiz-Sanz alitaja kwamba kitendo cha hiari kimetokea, kama ilivyo kawaida nchini Indonesia. Hivyo, matokeo yalionyesha kwamba kila mtu alikubali kwamba Western New Guinea inapaswa kuwa sehemu ya Jamhuri ya Indonesia.

Maneno ya Mwisho

Historia inatufundisha jinsi siku za nyuma zilivyoathiri mwingiliano wa kimataifa, kitaifa na mahalia kati ya tamaduni na watu binafsi. Kwa hivyo, kusoma historia fupi ya Papua Magharibi ili kujiunga na Indonesia kunaweza kutoa lenzi muhimu ya kuchunguza na hatimaye kushughulikia masuala ya sasa na kesho.

JS
Author: JS

Travel Vlogger, Journalist,

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